What are the Causes of Endometriosis?
- Retrograde menstruation- In this, the menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows back into the pelvic cavity.
- Transformation of peritoneal cells- Hormones or immune factors promote the change of peritoneal cells into cells similar to endometrial cells.
- Surgical scar implantation- After a surgery, such as a hysterectomy or C- section, endometrial cells may attach to a surgical incision causing an Endometrial implant.
- Endometrial cell transport- The lymphatic system may transport endometrial cells to other parts of the body, causing an Endometrial implant.
What are the Symptoms of Endometriosis?
- Pelvic pain
- Painful periods
- Premenstrual pains for one or two weeks.
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Bleeding between periods
- Infertility
- Pain following sexual intercourse
- Discomfort with bowel movements
How is Endometriosis Diagnosed?
- Pelvic exam
- Laparoscopy
- Ultrasound
- MRI
What is the Treatment of Endometriosis?
Medication
Over-the-counter pain relievers like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ibuprofen, or naproxen help ease painful menstrual cramps.
Hormone therapy
- Hormonal contraceptives.
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) agonists and antagonists.
- Progestin therapy.
Laparoscopic conservative surgery
In laparoscopic surgery, your surgeon inserts a laparoscope through an incision near your navel and inserts instruments to remove endometrial tissue.
Hysterectomy
Removal of the Uterus.
